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Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27T (= NBRC 100505) was isolated as a slow growing bacterium from an anaerobic-aerobic sequential batch reactor operated under enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) conditions for wastewater treatment [1]. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the isolate was phylogenetically distant from any known bacterial species. This led to the proposal, for the first time in Japan, of a new valid phylum, Gemmatimonadetes. Members of the phylum Gemmatimonadetes are frequently found by culture-independent surveys in various environments, such as soils [2] and sponges [3], but only a few isolates were reported to date [4]. Physiological and metabolic features of microbes belonging to this phylum were therefore hardly characterized.
Genome analysis of G. aurantiaca T-27T revealed a circular chromosome consisting of 4,636,964 bp with 64.28% G+C content. 3,935 open reading frames, 48 tRNA genes and single rRNA operon were predicted. Many of the essential genes identified in model organisms such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were also found in G. aurantiaca T-27T genome, suggesting that basic cellular systems were not much different from other microbes. Pathway reconstruction suggested thatG. aurantiaca T-27T could grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, being consistent with the operating conditions of the anaerobic-aerobic sequential batch reacter which this bacterium was isolated from. Furthermore, G. auratiaca T-27T genome encoded significantly large numbers of signal transduction components, sigma factors and transporters. These genomic features would provide an insight into the life style of G. aurantiaca, and facilitate isolation of not-yet-cultivated Gemmatimonadetes species.
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Courtesy of
Dr. Hanada in Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) |
References:
[1]
Gemmatimonas aurantiaca gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism,
the first cultured representative of the new bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes phyl. nov.
Zhang, H., Sekiguchi, Y., Hanada, S., Hugenholtz, P., Kim, H., Kamagata, Y. and Nakamura, K. (2003)
Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:1155-1163.
[PMID:12892144]
[2]
Laboratory cultivation of widespread and previously uncultured soil bacteria.
Joseph, S. J., Hugenholtz, P., Sangwan, P., Osborne, C. A. and Janssen, P. H. (2003)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:7210-7215.
[PMID:14660368]
[3]
Vertical transmission of a phylogenetically complex microbial consortium in the viviparous sponge Ircinia felix.Schmitt, S., Weisz, J. B., Lindquist, N. and Hentschel, U. (2007)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:2067-2078.
[PMID:17277226]
[4]
Effects of growth medium, inoculum size, and incubation time on culturability and isolation of soil bacteria.
Davis, K. E., Joseph, S. J. and Janssen, P. H. (2005)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol 71:826-834.
[PMID:15691937]
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| Genomic size: |
4,636,964 bp |
| The number of ORFs: |
3,935 |
| GC content: |
64.3% |
| Genome Database: |
DOGAN |
| NBRC* No. : |
100505 |
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Distribution of Our Microbial Genomic DNA clones
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At the Department of Biotechnology of the National Institute of Technology
and Evaluation (NITE-DOB, an Incorporated Administrative Agency), we have
been distributing to both academia and industries copies of the microbial
genomic DNA clones constructed during the course of each of the genomic
DNA sequencing project. |
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Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27T
