Cluster information : Spinosyn --- DoBISCUIT

Entry name	Spinosyn
Synonym	Spinosad (mixture of Spinosyn A and Spinosyn D)
PKS Type	TypeI modular
Classification	Macrolide
Starter Unit	methylmalonyl-CoA
Chain Length	11
Sugar Unit	forosamine tri-O-methylrhamnose
Activity	Insecticidal
Composition	A: C₄₁H₆₅NO₁₀ D: C₄₂H₆₇NO₁₀ E: C₄₀H₆₃NO₁₀ F: C₄₀H₆₃NO₁₀

Organism	Saccharopolyspora spinosa
Strain	NRRL 18538
Contig	AY007564

Spino_00170 spnA	0	methylmalonyl-CoA
Spino_00170 spnA	1	malonyl-CoA
Spino_00180 spnB	2	malonyl-CoA
Spino_00190 spnC	3	methylmalonyl-CoA
Spino_00190 spnC	4	malonyl-CoA
Spino_00200 spnD	5	malonyl-CoA
	6	malonyl-CoA
	7	malonyl-CoA
Spino_00210 spnE	8	methylmalonyl-CoA
	9	malonyl-CoA
	10	malonyl-CoA

KSQ	8..375

AT	527..844

ACP	907..977

KS	997..1366

AT	1525..1846

KR	2160..2339

ACP	2444..2514

KS	37..413

AT	572..893

DH	940..1102

ER	1413..1715

KR	1725..1903

ACP	2001..2071

KS	34..410

AT	563..881

KR	1194..1369

ACP	1470..1540

KS	1561..1937

AT	2099..2420

KR	2735..2914

ACP	3017..3087

KS	38..414

AT	576..894

DH	942..1104

KR	1421..1601

ACP	1692..1762

KS	1787..2162

AT	2320..2642

KR	2955..3134

ACP	3233..3307

KS	3328..3703

AT	3862..4181

KR	4495..4674

ACP	4774..4844

KS	34..410

AT	563..878

DH	928..1093

KR	1404..1584

ACP	1684..1758

KS	1782..2159

AT	2320..2638

DH	2685..2874

KR	3193..3373

ACP	3462..3532

KS	3559..3934

AT	4093..4411

DH	4458..4619

Cloning and analysis of the spinosad biosynthetic gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora spinosa.: Waldron C, Matsushima P, Rosteck PR Jr, Broughton MC, Turner J, Madduri K, Crawford KP, Merlo DJ, Baltz RH
[PMID: 11358695]Chem Biol. 8 (2001) 487-99
A cluster of genes for the biosynthesis of spinosyns, novel macrolide insect control agents produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa.: Waldron C, Madduri K, Crawford K, Merlo DJ, Treadway P, Broughton MC, Baltz RH
[PMID: 11386361]Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 78 (2000) 385-90
Rhamnose biosynthesis pathway supplies precursors for primary and secondary metabolism in Saccharopolyspora spinosa.: Madduri K, Waldron C, Merlo DJ
[PMID: 11544225]J Bacteriol. 183 (2001) 5632-8
Characterization of protein encoded by spnR from the spinosyn gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora spinosa: mechanistic implications for forosamine biosynthesis.: Zhao Z, Hong L, Liu HW
[PMID: 15913355]J Am Chem Soc. 127 (2005) 7692-3
Characterization of SpnQ from the spinosyn biosynthetic pathway of Saccharopolyspora spinosa: mechanistic and evolutionary implications for C-3 deoxygenation in deoxysugar biosynthesis.: Hong L, Zhao Z, Liu HW
[PMID: 17076492]J Am Chem Soc. 128 (2006) 14262-3
The biosynthesis of spinosyn in Saccharopolyspora spinosa: synthesis of the cross-bridging precursor and identification of the function of SpnJ.: Kim HJ, Pongdee R, Wu Q, Hong L, Liu HW
[PMID: 17985910]J Am Chem Soc. 129 (2007) 14582-4
In vitro characterization of the enzymes involved in TDP-D-forosamine biosynthesis in the spinosyn pathway of Saccharopolyspora spinosa.: Hong L, Zhao Z, Melancon CE 3rd, Zhang H, Liu HW
[PMID: 18345667]J Am Chem Soc. 130 (2008) 4954-67
SpnH from Saccharopolyspora spinosa encodes a rhamnosyl 4'-O-methyltransferase for biosynthesis of the insecticidal macrolide, spinosyn A.: Huang KX, Zahn J, Han L
[PMID: 18704529]J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 35 (2008) 1669-76
Functional characterization and substrate specificity of spinosyn rhamnosyltransferase by in vitro reconstitution of spinosyn biosynthetic enzymes.: Chen YL, Chen YH, Lin YC, Tsai KC, Chiu HT
[PMID: 19126547]J Biol Chem. 284 (2009) 7352-63
Biosynthesis of spinosyn in Saccharopolyspora spinosa: synthesis of permethylated rhamnose and characterization of the functions of SpnH, SpnI, and SpnK.: Kim HJ, White-Phillip JA, Ogasawara Y, Shin N, Isiorho EA, Liu HW
[PMID: 20158237]J Am Chem Soc. 132 (2010) 2901-3
Enzyme-catalysed [4+2] cycloaddition is a key step in the biosynthesis of spinosyn A.: Kim HJ, Ruszczycky MW, Choi SH, Liu YN, Liu HW
[PMID: 21544146]Nature. 473 (2011) 109-12